Category: 3. Chemical Contribution

The balance equations to be solved take the same form for both vapors and liquids. The liquid equations will be shown, and the reader should recognize the vapor equations by analogy. First, the true mole fractions must sum to unity: In a binary system, a balance equation can be written for either component to match…

Mole Balance One may wonder how quantification of the phenomena can be approached in a generalized fashion, but the criteria are presented clearly by Prigogine and Defay (1954) whose proof we reproduce here with modified notation. The first balances that must be satisfied are the material balances. For a binary solution created from nA moles of A, and nB moles…

Evidence of complexation is often subtle and could be overlooked or ignored in many situations, but its effects are irrefutable in other situations, so a question arises about ignoring facts because they are inconvenient. For example, dimerization of carboxylic acids is observable in the saturated vapor compressibility factor of small acids, but less so for…