Category: 12. Energy Storage and Conversion for Hybrid and Electrical Vehicles

An alternative to the ICE is a fuel-cell power source, typically operating with hydrogen as the fuel. A key advantage is that emissions of carbon are eliminated as well as criteria pollutants. There are a few important distinctions to be made for fuel-cell hybrids. First, the fuel cell, like the battery, generates DC electrical power;…

In this section, we are interested in hybrids where energy can be recovered during braking and where energy from the RESS can be used to propel the vehicle (so-called full hybrids). Full-hybrid vehicles span a range of architectures, including both the parallel and series architectures discussed previously. They have many advantages over a start–stop hybrid,…

As we consider the energy storage requirements for the start–stop hybrid, it is important to know the power required as a function of time. The intended driving schedule and many of the specifics for the vehicle are not needed for design of the energy storage system for this type of hybrid, since the RESS does…

There are many architectures used in hybrid systems. We will not attempt to cover them extensively; rather, our objective is to review some typical architectures and to provide a broad overview of terminology. In subsequent sections, we will explore in more detail electrochemical devices for energy storage for specific hybrid architectures. Because there are many…

We begin our discussion of vehicles by first exploring the use of a battery to store energy for an all-electric vehicle. In a battery electric vehicle (BEV), the battery provides all of the power and energy needs. As mentioned earlier in the chapter, here are three key aspects to sizing the battery: energy capacity, power,…

Before turning to specific vehicle architectures, we pause to consider regenerative braking, which plays an important role in increasing hybrid vehicle efficiency. A key benefit of the vehicle strategies considered in this chapter is that kinetic and potential energy can be recovered during braking. Clearly, energy is required to accelerate a vehicle to a higher…

In evaluating powertrain systems, the vehicle speed is often prescribed as a function of time. This relationship is generalized with a driving schedule. Figure 12.3 provides such a relationship for an urban dynamometer driving schedule, one of many standardized schedules that are available. This plot shows speed versus time for the vehicle driven in an…

A key feature of systems that include energy storage is that excess energy can be accumulated for later use. Our focus will be on vehicles, but applications for hybrid power systems are common. For example, a renewable energy system based on wind power alone will struggle to match electrical power production and demand. What do…