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15.1. Using Fig. 15.5 on page 602, without performing additional calculations, sketch the P-x-y diagram at 400 K showing the two-phase region. Make the sketch semi-quantitative to show the values where the phase envelope touches the axes of your diagram. Label the bubble and dew lines. Also indicate the approximate value of the maximum pressure. 15.2. Consider two gases that follow the…

P15.1. Repeat all the practice problems from Chapter 10, this time applying the Peng-Robinson equation. P15.2. Acrolein (C3H4O) + water exhibits an atmospheric (1 bar) azeotrope at 97.4 wt% acrolein and 52.4°C. For acrolein: Tc = 506 K; Pc = 51.6 bar; and ω = 0.330; MW = 56. a. Determine the value of kij for the Peng-Robinson equation that matches this bubble pressure at the same…

The essence of the equation of state approach to mixtures is that the equation of state for mixtures is the same as the equation of state for pure fluids. The expressions for Z, A, and U are exactly the same. The only difference is that the parameters (e.g., a and b of the Peng-Robinson equation) are dependent on the composition. That should…

For some problems, such as generation of a phase diagram, the examples in this chapter can be followed directly. Often, however, it takes some thought to decide which type of VLE routine is appropriate to apply in a given situation. Do not discount this step in the problem solution strategy. Part of the objective of…

At the end of Section 15.2, the bubble-pressure method was briefly introduced to show how the fugacity coefficients are incorporated into a VLE calculation, without concentrating on the details of the iterations. Section 15.3 offered derivations of formulas for the fugacity coefficients that were presented without proof at the beginning of the chapter. Now, it is time to…

We begin with a reminder that for phase equilibria calculations, that the fugacities of components are needed. The tool that we need for VLE calculations is the K-ratio and an expression for the component fugacity. In Section 10.9 we demonstrated that the component fugacity for an ideal gas component is equal to the partial pressure. In this chapter…

Virial Equation of State The virial equation was introduced for pure fluids in Section 7.4. Previously, we have also given a strategy for relating parameters to composition in Section 12.1. If we extend this mixing rule to the virial equation, which for a binary mixture becomes Similar to our previous discussion, it is understood that B12 is equivalent to B21. The…